1. Linux中软件的安装

• 通过安装包(deb包)安装:sudo dpkg -i xxx.deb(dpkg有一系列的命令)。
• 通过软件的源代码安装:
  a. 下载源代码到本地，解压;
  b. 进入下载目录，配置Makefile，make编译，make install安装。
• 通过apt安装(Advanced Packaging Tools)
      增强的软件包管理工具，是Ubuntu系统中功能最强大的命令行软件包管理工具，用于获取，按照，编译，卸载，查询软件，相当于Windows中的应用商店。
      工作原理:一般在/etc/apt/sources.list下保存了软件服务器地址，每次会先在这个文件中查找有没有目标软件包，如果没有就不用向服务器发起请求，如果有才会向服务器发起下载请求。
      一般而言，在国内Ubuntu官方软件源的访问速度是十分感人的，因此在国内我们一般选择换源。以下是一些常用的镜像源地址(以Ubuntu 22.04为例)。
  • 阿里云镜像源:
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
  • 清华大学镜像源:
    deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
  • 网易镜像源:
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
  • 华为镜像源:
    deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
  • 腾讯云镜像源:
    deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
  • 中科大镜像源:
    deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
  • 搜狗镜像源:
    deb http://mirrors.sogou.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sogou.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sogou.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sogou.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
  • 华中科技大学镜像源:
    deb http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.hustunique.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
  • 北京外国语大学镜像源:
    deb http://mirror.bjfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bjfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bjfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bjfu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
  • 更多镜像源请参考:https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/ubuntu.html